Properties of CLT panels are influenced by the properties of their layers and the layer properties are in turn influenced by the structural characteristics of the laminate material. In order to realize the mechanical property potential of CLT panels it is necessary to understand the effects of laminate properties on the performance of the final product. This paper presents the approach and outcomes of an on-going study dealing with the evaluation of material and structural characteristics of laminates and their effects on overall characteristics of CLT using modal testing. Characteristics of “homogenised” layers and CLT panels were evaluated using modal and static testing. The suitability of test methods was established for single-layer panels and CLT panels. Relationships between overall single-layer properties and laminate characteristics were established. Differences in CLT properties calculated by different calculation models were discussed.