In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von Biegeträgern aus Brettsperrholz bei Beanspruchung in Plattenebene untersucht. Mit Hilfe numerischer und analytischer Methoden wurden die für die Bemessung von Brettsperrholzträgern erforderlichen Ansätze für den Nachweis der Biege- und der Schubtragfähigkeit sowie zur Berechnung der Verformungen entwickelt und hergeleitet.
This study aims to develop an improved understanding of the interfacial bond behavior of softwood glulam joints with bonded-in threaded steel rod. A total of 39 glulam joints with bonded-in single-threaded steel rods were tested to failure in the pull-pull configuration. The test results were presented in term of failure modes, load-relative movement response, pullout strength, and the corresponding slip. The distributions of bonded-in rod axial strain, interfacial bond stress, and relative movement were also analyzed to evaluate the local bond stress– relative movement response in the bond line. The results confirmed that the bond-relative movement response is dependent on the locations along the anchorage length, and the bond-relative movement responses located near both the loaded end and the anchorage end were observed to be stiffer than those at other locations. Finally, the predictions for the load capacity of the glulam joints with bonded-in threaded steel rod were carried out based on several existing empirical formulas.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von Biegeträgern aus Brettsperrholz bei Beanspruchung in Plattenebene untersucht. Mit Hilfe numerischer und analytischer Methoden wurden die für die Bemessung von Brettsperrholzträgern erforderlichen Ansätze für den Nachweis der Biege- und der Schubtragfähigkeit sowie zur Berechnung der Verformungen entwickelt und hergeleitet.
Midply shear wall, which was originally developed by researchers at Forintek Canada Corp. (predecessor of FPInnovations) and the University of British Columbia, is a high-capacity shear wall system that is suitable for high wind and seismic loadings. Its superior seismic performance was demonstrated in a full-scale earthquake simulation test of a 6-storey wood-frame building in Japan. In collaboration with APA–The Engineered Wood Association and the American Wood Council (AWC), a new framing arrangement was designed in this study to increase the vertical load resistance of midply shear walls and make it easier to accommodate electrical and plumbing services. In this study, a total of 12 midply shear wall specimens in four wall configurations with different sheathing thicknesses and nail spacing were tested under reversed cyclic loading. Test results showed that the modified midply shear walls have approximately twice the lateral load capacity of a comparable standard shear wall. The drift capacity and energy dissipation capability are also greater than comparable standard shear wall. Seismic equivalency to standard shear walls in accordance with ASTM D7989 was also conducted. Results show that an overstrength factor of 2.5 and can be used to assign allowable design strengths of midply shear walls with 7/16” and nail spacing at 4” or 3” on center. For midply shear walls with 19/32” OSB, a higher overstrength factor must be used to meet the ductility criteria. The information from this study will support code implementation of the midply shear walls in Canadian and US timber design standards, thereby providing more design options for light wood frame structures in North America.
In this study, flexuralbehaviors of glue laminated timber beams manufactured from Pinussylvestristree were investigated by comparing the results with those of massive timber beams. The main variables considered in the study were number of laminations, types of adhesive materials and reinforcement nets used in the lamination surfaces. In scope of the experimental study, glue laminated beams with 5 and 3 lamination layers were manufactured with 90 x 90 mm beam sections. In the lamination process epoxy and polyurethane glue were used. Morever, in order to improve the bond strength at the lamination surface, aluminium, fiberglass and steel wire nets were used at the lamination surfaces. Load–displacement responses, ultimate capacities, ductility ratios, initial stiffness, energy dissipation capacities and failure mechanisms of glue laminated beams were compared with those of massive beams. It was observed that the general bending responses of glue laminated beams were better than those of massive beams. In addition to that the use of reinforcement nets at the lamination surfaces increased the ultimate load capacities of the tested beams. The highest ultimate load capacities were oberved from the tests of glue laminated beams manufactured using five laminated layers and retrofitted with polyurethane glue using steel wire reinforcement nets, in the direction normal to the lamination surface. Finally, the finite element simulations of some test specimens were performed to observe the accuracy of finite element technology in the estimation of ultimate capacities of glue laminated timber beams.
Hollow glilam beam has some advantages that the traditional solid glulam beam does not have, such as the convenience for wiring construction and comparably light weight. Four-point bending tests of three solid glulam beams and 15 hollow glulam beams with various sizes of rectangular holes produced from small-diameter larch timber were conducted to investigate the influence of the hollow ratio and wall thickness on bending stiffness and load capacity. The midspan deflection, cross-section strain, and ultimate load were obtained from the tests, and the detailed failure models and apparent MOE for all specimens are reported. Hollow glulam beams with the hollow ratio ranged from 25% to 40%, and the wall thickness greater than 20m after the assumption of plane section under bending moment. The apparent bending stiffness and ductility of hollow glulam beam were less than those of solid glulamb beam, and the apparent MOE is 0.86 times the elastic modulus value calculated by theory of elasticity. In addition, a calculation formula for the ultimate bending moment is proposed.
A novel timber composite is presented, consisting of glued laminated timber (GLT) from softwoods and intercalated cross-layered plates of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) made of hardwood species, specifically beech. The structure is especially suited for beams with multiple, large rectangular holes, where the LVL acts as a highly efficient internal reinforcement and contributes to a damage-tolerant ultimate load behavior. The load capacity of the composite beam is not induced by the stress concentrations at the corners of the hole, which, in contrast to generic GLT, lead to a sudden propagation of cracks and brittle failure. It is shown that the structure, including the holes, can be designed analytically in a transparent manner by using beam theory, a parallel system approach, and modifications from FEM analysis for the verification of tensile forces at the hole periphery. The composite, firstly used in a recent multi-story building in Australia, significantly improves the competitiveness of timber in building works, which have been limited to steel and reinforced concrete structures.
