The research study focuses on different strengthening techniques for timber concrete composites (TCC) using different types of wire and wire mesh integrated with a layer of epoxy on a timber core embedded in concrete using experimental and analytical procedure. The impact of TCC on axial compression performance, modulus of elasticity, failure mode and post failure behavior and ductility were compared to reference concrete specimens. Different types of wire and wire mesh used in strengthening of the timber core, timber core size and reinforcement in the concrete cylinder were all parameters considered in this study. Timing of application of the epoxy on the wire strengthened timber core was very important. For structural applications, where the weight reduction and ductility as well as post failure endurance are essential, the development of this composite is recommended. The ratio of the ductility index to the weight is discussed. The light weight of the timber composite, and the increased ductility were noted in this study. An equation to estimate the axial compression capacity of the strengthened timber concrete composite was developed in this study. This study will pave the way for further applications for timber concrete composite aiming at reducing dead weight of concrete and the reducing the amount of concrete and steel in construction.
Sustainability is now becoming a major concern in the modern construction industry. Despite being a major economic sector, the construction industry is causing adverse environmental impact. To this end, special attention should be paid to the selection of more "green" construction materials for structural applications. Therefore, a reasonable choice of construction materials can be made on the bases of acceptable structural performance, economic benefits, and sustainability. For instance, the use of composite beams made with traditional concrete and bio-based materials (such as timber and bamboo) is a valuable solution. Timber-Concrete Composite (TCC) beams have been used for decades in various structural applications such as new buildings, refurbishment of old timber structures, and bridges with several environmental benefits. Recently, different researchers proposed composite beams similar to TCC ones but based on engineered bamboo commonly named Bamboo-Concrete Composite (BCC) beams. This study presents comparison of the failure mode of the TCC and BCC beams udder fourpoint bending test. In particular, TCCs beams are compared with BCC ones considering similar shear connectors.
Society of Wood Science and Technology International Convention
Research Status
Complete
Summary
The application of deconstructable connectors in timber-concrete composite (TCC) floors enables the possibility of disassembly and reuse of timber materials at the end of building’s life. This paper introduces the initial concept of a deconstructable TCC connector comprised of a self-tapping screw embedded in a plug made of rigid polyvinyl chloride and a level adjuster made of silicone rubber. This connection system is versatile and can be applied for prefabrication and in-situ concrete casting of TCC floors in both wet-dry and dry-dry systems. The paper presents the results of preliminary tests on the shear performance of four different configurations of the connector system in T-section glulam-concrete composites. The shear performance is compared to that of a permanent connector made with the same type of self-tapping screw. The failure modes observed are also analyzed to provide technical information for further optimization of the connector in the future.
The purpose of this study is to develop a high strength leg joint for shear wall made of small size cross laminated timber panel in a simple system. The joint of CLT in which steel plate was inserted in the central slit and fixed by high strength bolt at inside of short steel pipes was proposed. In order to grasp the failure mode and strength of CLT member, material tests on embedment and shear were carried out using small CLT blocks. The test results indicated that there is few reinforce effect by cross bonding of each lamina. It was concluded that the precise estimation of the strength of CLT member is important in order to develop the joint proposed in this paper.
This paper describes an experimental test program and theoretical analysis which examines the reinforcing in flexure of glued laminated timber (glulam) beams using fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) and steel materials. A series of four-point bending tests were conducted till failure on both unreinforced and reinforced Douglas fir glulam beams in a simply-supported scheme. The focus of this research was to evaluate the effects of reinforcing materials, reinforcement ratio and arrangement on the flexural behavior. Test results showed that the flexural capacity, flexural global stiffness and timber tensile strain at failure were all improved considerably for reinforced timber beams when compared to the unreinforced control beams, in which the average improvement reached 56.3%, 27.5% and 49.4%, respectively. On the bases of the experimental results, a theoretical model was proposed to predict the flexural capacity and flexural stiffness of the reinforced timber beams. Most of the differences between theoretical and experimental results for both flexural capacity and flexural stiffness were within 10.0%, which showed a high accuracy of the proposed model. Subsequently a parametric analysis, which includes the axial stiffness ratio of reinforcement to timber, the relative location of tensile reinforcement, and the strength ratio of reinforced timber between flexural tension and compression, was undertaken to investigate the effects of the influential factors for both flexural capacity and flexural stiffness.
This paper deals with laminated timber-concrete (LTC) composite beam members, for applications in sustainable building structures, in which the interlayer connection is achieved with adhesives, similarly to the glued laminated timber beams, instead of the classically used shear connectors (e.g. mechanical connectors or notches). Only a small number of studies of this type of high-performance members are available. The strength and stiffness of the LTC under short-term static ramp-loading were studied on new and retrofit (joist-type) floor members, through laboratory tests and non-linear finite element modelling. In the initial tests the typical failure mode observed was the failure of the wood in tension. Consequently, a carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) layer was added to the tension side of the timber layer, forming a multi-composite member. The research results indicate that the structural performance in terms of efficiencies and strength for the LTC beams exceeds the corresponding performance of similar classical timber-concrete beams with shear connectors due to the different shear transfer and failure modes. By adding the CFRP reinforcement to the tension fibres of the timber layer, the failure mode changed again, allowing for further increase in strength and stiffness.
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