In response to the global drive towards sustainable construction, CLT has emerged as a competitive alternative to other construction materials. CLT buildings taller than 10-storeys and CLT buildings in regions of moderate to high seismicity would be subject to higher lateral loads due to wind and earthquakes than CLT buildings which have already been completed. The lack of structural design codes and limited literature regarding the performance of CLT buildings under lateral loading are barriers to the adoption of CLT for buildings which could experience high lateral loading. Previous research into the behaviour of CLT buildings under lateral loading has involved testing of building components. These studies have generally been limited to testing wall systems and connections which replicate configurations at ground floor storeys in buildings no taller than three storeys. Consequently, to develop the understanding of the performance of multi-storey CLT buildings under lateral loading, the performance of wall systems and connections which replicate conditions of those in above ground floor storeys in buildings taller than three storeys were experimentally investigated. The testing of typical CLT connections involved testing eighteen configurations under cyclic loading in shear and tension. The results of this experimental investigation highlighted the need for capacity-based design of CLT connections to prevent brittle failure. It was found that both hold down and angle bracket connections have strength and stiffness in shear and tension and by considering the strength of the connections in both directions, more economical design of CLT buildings could be achieved. The testing of CLT wall systems involved testing three CLT wall systems with identical configurations under monotonic lateral load and constant vertical load, with vertical loads replicating gravity loads at storeys within a 10-storey CLT building. The results show that vertical load has a significant influence on wall system behaviour; varying the vertical load was found to vary the contribution of deformation mechanisms to global behaviour within the elastic region, reinforcing the need to consider connection design at each individual storey. As there are still no structural design codes for CLT buildings, the accuracy of analytical methods presented within the literature for predicting the behaviour of CLT connections and wall systems under lateral loading was assessed. It was found that the analytical methods for both connections and wall systems are highly inaccurate and do not reflect experimentally observed behaviour.
This paper presents the development of two new types of hybrid cross-laminated timber plates (HCLTP) with an aim to improve structural performance of existing cross-laminated timber plates (Xlam or CLT). The first type are Xlam plates with glued timber ribs and the second type are Xlam plates with a concrete topping. A numerical...
Project contacts are Arijit Sinha, Andre Barbosa and Barbara Simpson at Oregon State University
Summary
The results of this proposal will provide guidance on efficient design and analysis strategies for wood building construction including rocking/post-tensioned and pivoting spines, a next-generation seismic force resisting system, for improved performance, safety, sustainability, and economy. The use of wood in tall buildings is limitied by strength and stiffness considerations. The use of CLT and MPP shear walls, supplemented by energy dissipators may be able to aleviate this problem. Several knowledge gaps exist in terms of the performance of mass timber lateral force resisting systems (LFRS), interconnectivity and compatibility between the modules and LFRS-to-gravity system, and potential hybridization of structural materials for the gravity system and LFRS. The recent 2017 two-story shake table test is the only full scale dynamic on rocking CLT LFRS with energy dissipators. Importantly, since MPP panels are also a recent addition in the mass timber industry, no experimental data exist regarding the self-centering performance of post-tensioned MPP wall panels.
Point and line loads are common load cases in slabs, however their effects on timber-concrete composite (TCC) slabs are not fully known. Hence, the importance of investigating the associated structural behaviour and developing technical design rules. For this purpose, an investigation including experimental tests and theoretical analyses was performed. Five composite real scale specimens were built, each one associated with a different parameter whose effect on the load distribution was intended to be analysed. Each specimen was subjected, at a time, to point and line loads over each beam at different locations. Numerical modelling showed good agreement with experimental results and give way to a parameter study. In general, the beam over which the load was applied received the highest share of load and the distribution for the remaining beams is significantly affected by the span.
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